Terpenes are not exclusive to cannabis. Any plant that produces a particular scent, such as citrus or herbs, can attribute its aroma and flavor to terpenes—natural plant compounds that can be made into essential oils. In cannabis, they exist in abundance: More than 150 different terpenes have been identified, and each strain plays host to its own terpene blend. For example, citrus-esque cannabis strains are rich in limonene; caryophyllene produces the striking smells of black pepper and cloves; and strains with high linalool levels boast a rich lavender scent.
The effects of cannabis terpenes extend beyond the psychosomatic and aromatherapeutic. Studies indicate that particular terpenes have potential medicinal benefits, such as the ability to reduce anxiety, promote better sleep or provide pain relief.
While the scientific jury is still out on how different terpenes work in tandem with cannabinoids such as THC and CBD, a nearly endless parade of anecdotal evidence suggests that when multiple cannabis compounds are present, the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) has an enhanced response—this is known as the “entourage effect,” first theorized by renowned cannabis researcher Raphael Mechoulam.